The Influence of Parenting Styles on Students’ Self-Confidence
Self-confidence is an important aspect of adolescent development that supports students’ ability to interact with others, express their opinions, make decisions, and participate in academic activities. Parenting styles may be associated with the development of self-confidence because family interactions provide an important context for adolescents’ emotional and social development. This study aimed to examine the influence of parenting styles on students’ self-confidence at SMP Negeri 4 Tanjung Morawa. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 120 students. Data were collected using questionnaires measuring parenting styles and self-confidence, with reported reliability coefficients of 0.872 and 0.841, respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation and simple linear regression. The results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between parenting-style scores and students’ self-confidence (r = 0.646, p < 0.001). The regression analysis produced an R Square value of 0.417, indicating that 41.7% of the variance in self-confidence was explained by the parenting-style score in the fitted model. These findings suggest that more supportive parenting patterns are associated with higher levels of student self-confidence. However, the correlational design does not establish a causal relationship. The findings highlight the potential importance of collaboration between parents and school counselors in supporting students’ self-confidence.