Syahputra, Y. et al. 2026. Rasch-Based DIF Analysis of Self-Harm Behaviors: Gender, Ethnicity, and Age Factors in an Indonesian Context. Journal of Counseling and Educational Research. 2, 3 (Apr. 2026), 162–178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.63203/jcerch.v2i3.524.